Sweatshops And The Race To The Bottom Phenomenon Economics Essay

Sweatshops And The Race To The Bottom Phenomenon Economics Essay (1.) Why do global critics often cite sweatshops as a prime example of the race to the bottom phenomenon? (2.) In addition, are sweatshops a stop on the road to prosperity? (3.) Meanwhile, are sweatshops a common ground? (4.) Finally, how can developing countries minimize or escape the dangerous abuses that often accompany foreign direct investment in low labor-intensive operations? Global critics feel that the race to the bottom phenomenon is what happens; they say when world markets are opened to free, unfettered trade. In addition without transnational labor guidelines and regulations, big corporations will look to place factories and manufacturing plants in countries with the most relaxed environmental and labor standards for multi-purpose advantages. Are sweatshops a stop on the road to prosperity? Maybe so opinions vary but, records indicate this theory. Human rights, low wages, and less protection for workers that dominate export markets, or attract the mammoth amount of share in foreign direct investment supports the previous theory. Only with the prosperity brought by international trade, globalizations adherents say, can a country then afford to demand better working conditions for its workers. This means every prosperous country today once employed child labor in its economic adolescence that would today be considered sweatshop working conditions. (Radley Balko) Do sweatshops have a common ground? At the end of the day there are at least a few areas in which both free traders and anti-sweatshop crusaders can agree. Most free trade advocates agree, for example that benefiting from slave labor is no better than theft. Sweatshop workers are often the envy of their communities they make more money than the farmhands or beggars. The key to building prosperity is choice, and if workers dont have the option to quit, or to take a job with a factory across town offering better wages, the free in free trade is a misnomer, and the benefits of globalization are tainted. (Radley, Balko) How can developing countries minimize or escape the dangerous abuses that often accompany foreign direct investment in low labor-intensive operations? The list of dangers and difficulties linked to foreign direct investor and associated subcontractor operations in low -skill, labor-intensive operations is quite long but, perhaps somewhat surprisingly, so is the list of possible benefits and opportunities.(Theodore H. Moran) ANALYSIS PART 1 (Perception of the race to the bottom phenomenon) Sweatshops are an ongoing problem throughout the global economy, especially in the developing countries. There is more than 90% of child labor and sweatshop market employed in the rural areas of Asia and Africa. Even though there are a lot of developed countries that oppose child labor and sweatshops because of moral and ethical reason. They feel that the companies are taking advantage of the developing countries and exploiting their children just to make a profit. However, the developed countries have to understand the social and economic cost, the standard living conditions, and having a good grasp of what people living in these developing countries might go through. Sweatshops might be the answer and not the problem in developing a country. Furthermore, the importance of having sweatshops is that it automatically creates jobs for the rural areas of these developing countries. These new jobs can pay up to two or three times as much of minimum wage, which gives the people more money to spend and this helps develop the country because the average income rate is rising. The developing countries will say that it is morally and ethically wrong for companies to move their business to rural and developing countries, because they are not being paid as much as developed countries. In addition, they are making their employees work 84-105 hours a week compared to the United States traditional 40 hours, and sometimes the salary is 60% 80% lower than a company will pay in the United States. Just to add, sweatshops are viewed as over working their employees causing and creating hazardous and unhealthy working conditions. How would life be in developing countries without sweatshops? Since sweatshops create new jobs and new opportunity for the people in these rural areas, without the sweatshops the new jobs and opportunity would be gone. This will lead to young women and men prostituting themselves just to make money to survive. Also, starvation will become a huge factor in the developing countries, because without any jobs opportunity for an unskilled worker becomes narrow, without an education. People will have limited choices, for example possibly starving or stealing; which overtime will lead to additive violence, and eventually raise the crime rate because people have to survive. Nevertheless, since sweatshops are in a rural area it helps monitor the crime rates, starvation, and increases the dream of education because families are given opportunity to become more skilled alongside an ample income, paving a new way for the next generation. Therefore, as we learned in our International Business class, some of the developed countries can be bias and hypocritical because developed countries previously endorsed a sweatshop opportunity to gain existence and power in the market, examples are South Korea, and Taiwan. More importantly a majority of developing countries will embrace this vicious cycle for exposure, skill, and hands on awareness of a volatile market. Analysis Part II Sweatshops and Prosperity Sweatshops are good for globalization and prosperity because of comparative advantages in the market, which help the developing countries grow in the long run. Sweatshops will give developing people in rural areas a set of skills that will help them to compete in the International market. Companies like Nike and Wal-Mart help develop these countries by giving them the opportunity to learn how to do things those consumers and companies in develop countries take for granted. In return the skills sets learned will manufacture undeveloped countries, while increasing competitiveness and assembling products cheaper but still efficient, will engage a higher demand and raise the GDP of undeveloped countries. The thought of stability supports prosperity which is rare globally, so if opportunity renders freedom of choice for developing countries the debate becomes simple and survival is usually submitted. Analysis III Are Sweatshops common ground? Common ground is usually effective if the government in the host country is held accountable in the international community. Therefore the fundamental disagreement about sweatshops revolves debate about fairness. Western companies benefit from cheap labor in the developing world; sweatshop activists say western corporations can afford to pay artificial living wages and that anything less reeks exploitation. Further arguments include corporate governments penalizing the western companies internally if better working conditions arent offered to the developed countries or consumers refraining from purchasing products. Common ground becomes a factor, globalist say if that happens western corporations have no incentive to invest in the third world in the first place. Developing countries have two choices when negotiating common ground, (1) embrace foreign investment, (2) demand wages not proportional to what their national labor market would naturally allow. In most cases, the track that delivers prosperity (1) or the track that produces continued poverty (2) will lend clues to the debate and the winning verdict. Analysis IV. FDI in low labor-intensive operations Global markets gain their questionable state of regimen through rules that are stated in trade agreements, labor laws, and factors that give constructions on gender. Once you understand markets as institutions it will allow you to link the globalization of the apparel industry to US foreign policies. Major players within in the US textile and apparel industries seem to hold different trade strategies in store for use. The textile industry benefits from rule-of-origin protections, the apparel industry benefits from free trade without restrictions. Large-scale retailers became key political players. Unions opposed free-trade arrangements with developing countries that they believe foster a race to the bottom type of mentality. Overall the previous information about trade and apparel just emphasizes the importance of growth and power in the free trade market which elaborates capitalism and the issues of transparency simultaneously. In transition, developing countries do have a strategy for attracting investors to low-wage export industries to establish special export processing zones or free trade zones. Nevertheless the objective of establishing EPZs and FTZs is to provide foreign investors and their subcontractors with freedom duties on the capital equipment and components while exempting many governments from various labor regulations in the zones, including the organization of labor unions. Foreign Direct Investment in low wage, low-skill host countries has two sides failure and success. Positive is that when FDI is implemented in undeveloped rural areas potential benefits of a new life are given such as jobs, skills, agenda, choices, opportunities, etc. Negative outcomes of FDI is that deception and bondage may be used to prevent the people from leaving their jobs; in extreme situations recruiters and agents set up networks in which family members arrange to pay off loans my selling their children into contract labor. In addition, workers may receive no benefits such as social security alongside workers being deprived promotion and benefits of seniority. CONCLUSION Analysis Part I The race to the bottom phenomenon can be viewed as an advantage or disadvantage. Most global critics tend to view corporations and retailers taking credit for offering jobs and services to a weaker opponent, but not using internal ethics as a navigator to promote a safer healthier work environment. Nevertheless youre able to see the pros and the cons but overall my opinion clearly states that globalization and capitalism at the bottom can be harsh but stability equates to balance which means development needs more pros than cons overall but we all start from an infant stage to adolescence yearning for maturity and experience. Analysis Part II Are sweatshops a stop to the road to prosperity? Yes I feel that prosperity is not just tangible riches that a person or country endures, but the intangibles that are benefited from prosperity are much greater. So the resolution is to sweatshops overall being prosperous is government ethics meaning that leadership starts from above and trickles down. To be prosperous means sacrifice, discipline, and patience, but these qualities define moral ethics and the sweatshop or the corporate retailer cant establish a culture that has to come from the developing country internally. Analysis Part III Are sweatshops common ground? This question brings joy to me because this interrogative statement revolves around the debater and their view. However I consider myself a debater so let me elaborate yes and my reasons why are this history teaches you about the past meaning you may have or not endured historical moments or events during the time line of your life; which remotely if successful allow you and your family comfort. Just to add if youve never endured something but wanted more how can you deprive a choice of opportunity to another person or country without bearing the conditions or lifestyle they represent. So my inclination of common ground is the specimen of experience and the verdict well that would be the individuals choice. Analysis Part IV How can developing countries minimize or escape the dangerous abuses that often accompany foreign direct investment in low labor-intensive operations? FDI are benefits of investors that see potential from an undeveloped country starting with lack of opportunity, few choices, skill, education, health care, and other fundamentals of a higher standard living. In addition, there are disadvantages of countries with FDI such as benefits, working conditions, employee treatment. But to minimize or escape the dangerous abuses a host country must hold the government accountable and the standards that they allow corporations to work under and the ethics and treatment that follows. Labor unions and police monitoring is a start because that enforces accountability which leads to other interest groups in the future and set a precedence of standards throughout internally which will tap the external zone/developed countries or corporate retailers. Globalization and trade derived from conditions such as sweatshops, slavery, bondage, and to enhance undeveloped countries means upgrade the conditions and the legal environment.

Los Vendidos Essay

Los Vendidos means the sell-outs. All the characters in the play sold-out at some point during the play. The characters sold out both their races and their way of life. I would say that the person who sold out the most was the Mexican-American because he sold-out both his Mexican, his American heritage and way of life. He wanted to be perfect, so when he found that the Americans and the Mexicans had their flaws he sold them out. He now has to search for a new and perfect race to identify with. (He will be searching for a while. ) The Mexican- American sold out his Mexican Heritage when he said, â€Å"The problems of the Mexicans stem from one thing alone he’s stupid, he is under-educated, he needs to stay in school. He needs to be ambitious and be forward looking, most important he needs to think American† (Page 382). In his statement he is only finding the bad of his people and stating it for the entire room to hear. He shows great disrespect for the Mexican heritage by saying all that is wrong with them. He shows their flaws, weaknesses, and imperfections. I believe your heritage makes up who you are and that is you, so you should never disrespect yourself by disrespecting your heritage. I believe thee way he sold-out was by disrespecting his heritage. the Mexican- American is still trying to decide weather he is going to live Mexican or American. When the Mexican-American says, â€Å"The only thing I don’t like is how come I always got to play the goddamn Mexican-American†(Page-384). You are unsure by this statement weather he is selling-out his Mexican or his American lifestyle. You know he wants to perfect because of his attitude toward playing the part of the Mexican-American. The Mexican American doesn’t know where he wants to go in life I guess this proves no matter how old you are or how much of an education you have you sell people out and walk all over them. Even if it is a person you know or need all that does not madder if you are a sell-out. You will hurt people to get what you want for yourself. The Mexican American is soon going to find he will never find perfection and he will be lost with no friends because of all the people he sold-out. The Mexican- American and his buddies need to set goal or all they will have to talk about is being sell-out with no friends.

African Americans and the Civil War Essay

In the world we live in many people take a lot for granted. Just the small simple things people don’t really appreciate, being ungrateful for the things that have been given to them. Many people and different situations have paved the way for our generation to become much easier to live in. African Americans during the civil rights movement had to face a lot of trills in order to make the world a better place. Many people don’t appreciate that because they are unaware of just how much grief African Americans had to go though to create a path for the upcoming generation. African Americans faced many hardships during the civil rights movement, some of those hardships were segregation, voting rights, and assassination of prominent African American leaders. Segregation was such a big obstacle for African Americans because not only were they not allowed to go certain places it became bigger than that. Everything in African Americans lives were split in half. There were white only signs places all over there towns. White only signs for bathrooms, restaurants, and water fountains. Everything was separated between the two races blacks and whites. One event that really stuck out like a sore thumb was The Montgomery Bus Boycott. During, the time of segregation blacks were allowed to ride the buses, but many rules had to apply. Blacks had a black’s only section on the bus that could be moved in any location of the bus. That means that the blacks’ only sign could be moved in front of two rows on the bus if that’s what the bus driver wanted. Black riders had to pay their bus far on the front of the bus and get off to walk to the back of the bus to ride. Some bus drivers would allow the blacks to pay and when the step off the bus the bus driver would drive away and leave them. When blacks did receive a chance to ride on the bus, if a white person did not have a seat to sit in a black person had to give up their seat. The blacks of Montgomery, Alabama, decided that they would boycott the city buses until they could sit anywhere they wanted, instead of being relegated to the back when a white boarded. On December 1, 1955, Mrs. Rosa Parks, an African American seamstress, was arrested in Montgomery, Alabama for not standing and letting a white bus rider take her seat. The plan to stop the whites from making the blacks move was the boycott. Blacks would no longer ride the buses anymore. That means that the bus companies were losing a lot of money. Blacks would walk to work or school and even carpool, but would not step foot on the buses. The boycott continued for over a year. Eventually, the United States Supreme Court put an end to the boycott. On November 13, 1956 the Court declared that Alabama’s state and local laws requiring segregation on buses were illegal. On December 20th federal injunctions were served on city and bus company officials forcing them to follow the Supreme Court’s ruling. African Americans had to face a lot just so that they could be treated as an equal on the bus. Segregation played a huge role in the school system. In public schools more so than any. That’s what stated the big flare Brown vs. Board of Education. The 1954 United States Supreme Court decision in Oliver L. Brown vs. the Board of Education of Topeka (KS) is among the most significant judicial turning points in the development of our country. Originally led by Charles H. Houston, and later Thurgood Marshall and a formidable legal team, it dismantled the legal basis for racial segregation in schools and other public facilities. Brown vs. Board of Education was not simply about children and education. The laws and policies struck down by this court decision were products of the human tendencies to prejudge, discriminate against, and stereotype other people by their ethnic, religious, physical, or cultural characteristics. Ending this behavior as a legal practice caused far reaching social and ideological implications, which continue to be felt throughout our country. The Brown decision inspired and galvanized human rights struggles across the country and around the world. The U. S. Supreme Court decision in Brown began a critical chapter in the maturation of our democracy. It reaffirmed the sovereign power of the people of the United States in the protection of their natural rights from arbitrary limits and restrictions imposed by state and local governments. These rights are recognized in the Declaration of Independence and guaranteed by the U. S. Constitution. Brown was giving African Americans the opportunity to be accepted as an individual and not just as a race. Now, you would think that after the Brown vs. Board of Education whites would accept African Americans and treat them better. That was not the case and segregation did not stop there. Although, many people had hoped that it would it took the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to really make a change. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a landmark piece of legislation in the United States that outlawed major forms of discrimination against blacks and women, and ended racial segregation in the United States. It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public. Once the Act was implemented, its effects were far-reaching on the country as a whole and had an immediate impact on the South. It prohibited discrimination in public facilities, in government, and in employment, invalidating the Jim Crow laws in the southern U. S. It became illegal to compel segregation of the races in schools, housing, or hiring. After passage of the law, the NAACP was the only major civil rights organization to maintain a large membership in the South, where it concentrated on organizing the ongoing struggle for black civil rights. During 1965-75, the NAACP remained committed to using litigation to challenge racial injustice. African Americans had to fight hard to get what they deserved and it took a lot of patients and time to receive change but it finally happened. That is we segregation ended and Africans were free to sit, eat, talk, shop, and work anywhere they wanted. Being able to vote is a very important ordeal. Many people in this day and time take advantage of being able to voice their opinions. Not taking advantage of who we desire to have in office is a sign of being ungrateful. African Americans were not given that right years ago. African Americans had to fight just so that they could vote. That’s when the Voting Act of 1965 came in play. Before, this Act was enforced African Americans had to take a literacy tests and pay poll taxes. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 abolished literacy tests and poll taxes designed to disenfranchise African American voters, and gave the federal government the authority to take over voter registration in counties with a pattern of persistent discrimination. Echoing the language of the 15th Amendment, the Act prohibits states from imposing any â€Å"voting qualification or prerequisite to voting, or standard, practice, or procedure to deny or abridge the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race or color. The Act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, a Democrat, who had earlier signed the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law. Being able to vote was an honor and so many people don’t even both to go vote during the elections today. African Americans fought for the right to vote without having to take tests or pay poll taxes and people still don’t go out to vote. That is taking voting rights for granted. Being an African American during the civil rights movement was a challenge, but being an African American woman was even difficult. That’s when the period of women’s suffrage played its role. Women’s Suffrage is the right of women to vote and to run for office. The expression is also used for the economic and political reform movement aimed at extending these rights to women and without any restrictions or qualifications such as property ownership, payment of tax, or marital status. Being a woman in this time period restricted of many rights. Women’s suffrage has been granted at various times in various countries throughout the world, and in many countries it was granted before universal suffrage. Without women’s suffrage women would still be restricted to make decisions and just be limited to being mothers and wives. The women’s suffrage broke that cycle. The best way to leave a positive mark on the world is being a leader. It takes a lot of heart, courage, and sacrifice, in becoming a great leader. Leaders are persons that people look up to. They depend on a leader to give them hope to carry on and a positive role model to look up to. There were not too many people that wanted to take the position of being a leader, but a few chose to step up to the plate. African Americans needed kind and encouraging words to help uplift them during the civil rights movement. Two great leaders Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Melcolm X took on a job to lead the world into a better place called freedom. The two leaders gave African Americans hope to continue on when they wanted to just give up. African Americans depended on these two prominent leaders to strengthen them. African Americans during the civil rights movement needed to relay on someone and those leaders were the perfect ones. No one would have ever been ready for what was expected to come. For years African American have been told what they could and couldn’t do. They have been talked about, abused, lied on, and have had everything taken from them. But, still they have stayed strong through it all. When all they had were two great prominent leaders and they were taken from them as well they still stayed strong. Two great prominent leaders were assonated. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. Martin Luther King Jr. was an American clergyman, activist, and prominent leader in the African American civil rights movement. He was best known for being an iconic figure in the advancement of civil rights in the United States and around the world, using nonviolent methods following the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi. King was often presented as a heroic leader in the history of modern American liberalism. A Baptist minister, King became a civil rights activist early in his career. He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957, serving as its first president. King’s efforts led to the 1963 March on Washington, where King delivered his â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech. There, he expanded American values to include the vision of a color blind society, and established his reputation as one of the greatest orators in American history. But, as people have said â€Å"all things must come to an end. † At 6:01 p. m. on April 4, 1968, a shot rang out. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. , who had been standing on the balcony of his room at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, TN, lay sprawled on the balcony’s floor. A gaping wound covered a large portion of his jaw and neck. A great man who had spent thirteen years of his life dedicating himself to nonviolent protest had been felled by a sniper’s bullet.

Theories And Theories Of Human Development - 1337 Words

Ashley Grant EDPY 503 10/11/17 Principles of Human Development Paper #1 The concepts and theories of human development are important for a school counselor to have knowledge on. Knowledge on these topics can aid the counselor in better understanding the circumstances of their students. There are three main developmental sections which will be discussed in this paper. Those three include physical development, cognitive development, and social development. Each section contains multiple theories and concepts that would be beneficial to school counselors but this paper will only discuss six of those. Those six include gross and fine motor skills, Jean Piaget’s stages of development, information processing theory, Erik Erickson’s stages of†¦show more content†¦Gross and fine motor skills do not fully rely on maturation of the child but also on the child’s environment, parent’s expectations and teachings of the skills. School counselors should know about this topic because gross and fine motor skills will be needed through out life and it is an important part to the developmental process. Another concept of physical development is the current issue of child obesity. Childhood obesity is caused by an imbalance of energy in and energy out or in other words calories put in to the body and calories burned out. Too much of the wrong types of food and lack of physical activity can cause this (Zuk 2008). Currently 15% or about nine million children are obese in the United States. Child obesity is almost to the point of being an epidemic and many physicians believe that this generation will be the first where children have shorter lifespans than their parent’s due to diseases caused by obesity as adults (Steinberg 2011). The issue of child obesity is good for school counselors to be aware of because of the medical risks that go on into adolescence and adulthood such as asthma, and type II diabetes. Counselors can be prepared with answers if asked by students. Cognitive development is defined as changes in intellectual ability. Examples of this would include reasoning, language, and memory (SteinbergShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Human Development Theory1642 Words   |  7 PagesHuman development theories are theories intended to account for how and why people become, as they are. These theories provide the framework to clarify and organize existing observations and to try to explain and predict human behavior. It is important to recognize the complexity of human development and the theories that explain human development. (Berger, pg. 23). The three theories that have influenced by development are Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Theory, Abraham Maslow’s Humanism and Erik Erikson’sRead MoreThe Theories Of Human Development774 Words   |  4 PagesTheories of Human development are relevant and matter in the â€Å"real world†. 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